马来西亚华文独中生生活适应量表（MCISS-LAS）之发展
Development of the Life Adaptation Scale for Malaysia Chinese Independent Secondary School Students (MCISS-LAS)

蔡尚健 CHUAH Seong Kean
台湾敏盛综合医院谘商心理师，台湾国立清华大学教育心理与谘商学系硕士。
Email: [email protected]

王振世WANG Chen-Shih
台湾国立清华大学教育心理与谘商学系退休副教授。
Email: [email protected]

摘要

根据我国卫生部与2016年心理健康报告显示，16岁以上的成人心理健康问题比例为29.2%， 5岁至15岁儿童则为12.1%，身心健康问题已逐渐年轻化；Chen和Kok（2017）发现华裔中学生不愿意寻求咨商辅导服务，再加上我国独中辅导工作偏重在升学辅导，且忽略生活及学习辅导的重要性（华校董事联合会总会2018），因此本研究旨在发展出一份适用于我国独中生的生活适应量表，检视其信效度并建立常模，希望透过此量表，可以协助辅导老师了解学生的状况，进而有效推动辅导工作。

生活适应主要在个体与环境间的共处状况（郎亚琴、范月华2009），当中学生能够与环境（主要是学校和家庭）维持和谐状态时，将有助于其适应学校生活，反之，若无法克服环境中的挑战和压力时，学生的不良适应将影响其学业及生涯发展。研究者参考数十篇台湾学者编制的量表及研究论述（1997-2016），并考虑我国多元文化之国情，将测量架构分为六个向度，分别为“自我认同”、“家庭适应”、“学习适应”、“学校适应”、“身心健康”及“生涯发展”，个量表得分越高，代表独中生适应状况越佳，反之，则越差。

关键词：马来西亚华文独中生、马来西亚华文独中生生活适应量表、生活适应、量表编制

Abstract

According to the 2016 Mental Health Report by Malaysia’s Ministry of Health, 29.2% of adults aged 16 and above experience mental health issues, with the figure for children aged 5 to 15 standing at 12.1%. These health problems are becoming increasingly prevalent among younger populations. Chen and Kok (2017) found that Chinese secondary school students are reluctant to seek counseling services. Furthermore, counseling in Malaysian Chinese independent secondary schools primarily focuses on academic guidance, often neglecting life and learning counseling (United Chinese School Committees’ Association of Malaysia 2018). This study aims to develop the Life Adaptation Scale for Malaysia Chinese Independent Secondary School Students (LAS-MCISS), evaluate its reliability and validity, and establish norms. The goal is to help counselors better understand students’ situations and thereby enhance counseling efforts effectively.

Life adaptation refers to the interaction between individuals and their environment (Lang Yaqin & Fan Yuehua 2009). When students are able to maintain harmony with their environment (primarily school and family), it aids their adaptation to school life. Conversely, failing to overcome environmental challenges and pressures can negatively affect students’ academic performance and career development. The researchers referenced dozens of scales and studies developed by Taiwanese scholars (1997–2016) and took into account Malaysia’s multicultural context. The measurement framework was divided into six dimensions: self-identity, family adaptation, learning adaptation, school adaptation, physical and mental health, and career development. Higher scores on the subscales indicate better adaptation among chinese independent secondary school students, while lower scores reflect poorer adaptation.

Keywords: Malaysia Chinese Independent Secondary School Students, Life Adaptation Scale for Malaysia Chinese Independent Secondary School Students, Life Adaptation, Scale Development

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