一位第二代马来西亚华人的文化认同历程之叙说研究
The Narrative of Second-Generation Malaysian Chinese in Process of Life and Cultural Identity

赖丽萍 LAI Lee Ping
马六甲培风中学辅导处主任。
Email: [email protected]

摘要

本研究旨在探讨叙说者在个人社会、文化、历史、政治的特殊脉络下，文化认同的形成、发展与转变。研究参与者为一名介于60至70岁的马来西亚第二代华人，国民教育背景，具有生命历程的丰富性与对自身族群活动高度参与性的叙说者。本研究采用Lieblich, Tuval-Mashiach & Zilber的叙说分析，以“整体－内容”为主要分析方法，透过个别分析与综合讨论的方式，来诠释叙说者的文化认同意涵与认同形成的过程。 本文透过个别分析后，整合出五个核心主题。

此五个核心主题为：
（一）家庭与成长环境是形塑文化认同的重要养分。
（二）族群语言或母语是启动族群与文化认同关键的齿轮。
（三）歧视与压迫经验突显族群之间的差异，加深我族认同与归属，提升公平正义的意识与追求。
（四）其他价值观的刺激与族群关系的好经验促使个人思维的转换，走向多元开放平等观。
（五）三位马来西亚第二代华人叙说者文化认同的转化历程。本研究依据五个核心主题的研究结果发现，结合相关文献进行进一步讨论。

最后，研究者尝试对马来西亚华人、马来西亚政府、马来西亚教育、未来研究，以及身为读者的你，提出相关建议与呼吁。

关键词：马来西亚第二代华人、文化认同、叙说研究

Abstract

This study aims to explore the formation, development, and transformation of cultural identity within the specific context of the narrator's personal social, cultural, historical, and political circumstances. The research participant is a second-generation Chinese Malaysian, aged between 60 and 70, with a national education background. The participant has a rich life history and a high level of involvement in ethnic group activities. This study adopts the narrative analysis framework proposed by Lieblich, Tuval-Mashiach, and Zilber, using the "whole-content" approach as the primary analytical method. Through individual analysis and integrated discussion, this research interprets the narrator's cultural identity and the process of identity formation.

After individual analysis, five core themes were integrated. These five core themes are:

1. Family and the growth environment are crucial nutrients in shaping cultural identity.
2. Ethnic language or mother tongue is the key gear in initiating ethnic and cultural identity.
3. Experiences of discrimination and oppression highlight the differences between ethnic groups, deepening one's ethnic identity and sense of belonging, while also enhancing awareness and pursuit of fairness and justice.
4. Exposure to other values and positive experiences in ethnic relations encourage the transformation of individual thinking toward a more pluralistic, open, and equal perspective.
5. The transformation process of cultural identity among three second generation Chinese Malaysian narrators. Based on the results from these five core themes, the study discusses and connects them with relevant literature.

Finally, the researcher attempts to provide relevant suggestions and calls to action for the Chinese community in Malaysia, the Malaysian government, the Malaysian education system, future research, and, ultimately, the readers themselves.

Keywords: Second-Generation Malaysian Chinese, Cultural Identity, Narrative Research

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