冷战与马来亚左翼（反）国语运动
Cold War and (Anti) National Language Movement by Malayan Chinese Leftists

吴小保 GOH Siew Poh
马来西亚华社研究中心副研究员。
E-mail: [email protected]

马来西亚华人研究学刊，第18-19期，2016年，页121-152
Journal of Malaysian Chinese Studies, Volume 18-19, 2016: 121-152

摘要

本文探讨冷战背景下有关马来语文的语言运动，它的起源是马来语文在19世纪末面对西方殖民主义——现代性下引起的一个长时段语言运动。本文将指出四点，首先马来语文现代化乃由多个不同背景的群体参与，过程中或有张力或有粘合，这包括了华人、马来人、国家、社会、资本等等。其次，本文分析国际冷战对国语运动的影响，对左翼运动而言，国语运动是一场对帝国主义、殖民主义和国内反动派的抗争的一部分。由于他们当中许多人被打压成为政治犯，这种抗争延续到大众所看不见的场域，把扣留营转换为抗争基地与文化生产场域。其三，国语运动的推动至少由三种不同的政治意识形态支撑，这包括了基于社会契约的公平观、单一民族国家的平等和民族平等原则。最后，本文将指出，随着华裔左翼运动的激进化，民族平等原则发展出以普通话反抗国语的论述。

关键词：国语运动、左翼、马来亚、冷战、反国语

Abstract

This paper discusses about Malay language movement during Cold War period. The language movement, as a response to the invasion of western colonies, has started since the late of 19th century. Four major points are addressed in this paper: Firstly, the modernization of Malay language involved different ethnic groups, with their conflicts and cooperation along the way. Secondly, the movement was deemed as a form of anti-imperialism and anti-colonialism carried out by the leftists, a group of people who had been oppressed. Although majority of them were arrested and detained, they had transformed the detention camp as their field of cultural reproduction to continue their struggle. Thirdly, there were at least three political ideologies behind the national language movement. Lastly, “Putonghua” was promoted as a counter to national language movement by the Chinese leftists who became more radical under the influence of Chinese Cultural Revolution.

Keywords: national language movement, left wing, Malaya, cold war, anti-national language

如欲购书，您可以：