1960年代马来文学与马华文学的后殖民话语
The Postcolonialism Discourse in Malaysian Malay and Chinese Literature in 1960s

黄丽丽 WONG Lih Lih
拉曼大学中华研究院助理教授。
E-mail: [email protected]

马来西亚华人研究学刊，第20期，2017年，页45-65
Journal of Malaysian Chinese Studies, Volume 20, 2017: 45-65

摘要

“后殖民文学”并不是仅仅指帝国之后才来到的文学，而是指对于殖民关系作批判性考察的文学。早在1930年代的英殖民政府管辖时期，马华新兴文学以及马来左翼文学已有不少反殖主题。直至独立前后，不少作家仍然致力于反思殖民主义，包括本土对待殖民者的态度、殖民体制内的权利关系以及殖民者留下的历史伤痕等议题。关于马来与马华文坛的反殖文学已有不少论述，但却鲜少论及各个民族的文学叙事如何共同结构马来（西）亚的后殖民话语，抑或检视现有的文本是否具备跨越性的反思？文学史一般以“分而治之”的方法处理这一课题（各语种的文学史分别论述自身的后殖民文学），本文试图突破这一局限，重点考察1960年代马来以及马华的后殖民小说，将两个族群不同语种的作品放置于国家独立前后的历史脉络中对比参照。

关键词：殖民、马来文学、马华文学、话语

Abstract

“Post-colonial literature” does not only refer to literature that came after the empire, but refers to the literature that makes a critical investigation of colonial relations. As early as the British colonial government’s jurisdiction in the 1930s, there have been many anti-colonization themes in Malayan Chinese and Malay Left Wing Literature. Until and after independence, many writers were still committed to rethinking the colonialism. They concerned about the attitudes of local people toward colonialists, the relationship within the colonial system, and the historical trauma left by the colonists. There has been much discussion about the anti-colonial literature in both Malay and Chinese literary platform. However, it has rarely been discussed how the literary narratives of various ethnic commonly construct the Malaya/Malaysia postcolonial discourse. Generally, each language discusses its own postcolonial literature separately. This article attempts to broaden the perspective of research, and focuses on the postcolonial fictions of Malay and Chinese in the 1960s. The literary works of different ethnic groups in different languages were placed in the historical context in between the country’s independence.

Keywords: colonial, Malaysian Malay literature, Malaysian Chinese literature, discourse

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