马来亚国语运动中的印尼经验——以独立建国时期的华社为个案
The Indonesian Experience in Malayan National Language Movement During Independence Period: A Case Study on Chinese Community

吴小保 GOH Siew Poh
华社研究中心副研究员。
E-mail: [email protected]

马来西亚华人研究学刊，第20期，2017年，页89-118
Journal of Malaysian Chinese Studies, Volume 20, 2017: 89-118

摘要

马来亚在二战后经历了剧烈的政治变动，并于1957年宣布独立。作为新兴国家，它们除了面对如何打造国家机器，也必须接手处理殖民历史遗留下的多元族群问题，亦即应该如何建构国族身份？就此而言，学习与推广马来语成为国语，是建构民族/国族的重要途径。为此，马来亚与新加坡华社在独立建国时期，积极地参与政府提倡的国语运动，推广并学习马来语。然而，鲜为人注意的是，这场马来语/国语运动背后，由于各种主客观条件使然，却具有跨国流动的因素，当中“印尼经验”发挥了一定作用。本文将指出，透过不同的跨国途径，“印尼经验”参与了马来亚的马来语/国语运动、马来亚民族主义运动。这说明本土性与跨国性在经验上与概念上都不是决然对立的。

关键词：国语运动、本土现代性、跨国、印尼、华社

Abstract

After independence in 1957, Malaya had faced a series of problems which include ways to create a new national identity in a multi-ethnic and multicultural society. In order to create a united Malayan nation, National Language Movement which promotes the learning of Malay language was uplifted among the Malayan nationalist, including the Chinese intellectuals in Malaya and Singapore. This article focuses on this mass movement in the Chinese community during 1950s and 1960s. I will argue that the National/Malay Language Movement was influenced by the “Indonesian experience” in the shaping of Malayan national identity, through different transnational pathways, on the national level as well as in civil societies. This shows that locality and transnationality are not dichotomous but intertwined especially in the case of Chinese community.

Keywords: National Language Movement, local modernity, transnationality, Indonesia, Chinese community

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