美援文化下的马来亚华文出版界——以五、六零年代友联出版社为例
Malaya’s Chinese Publishing under the United States Aid Culture:
A Case Study of Union Press in 1950s to 1960s

赖美香 LAI Mooi Heong
马来西亚博特拉大学外文系中文组硕士生。
E-mail: [email protected]

马来西亚华人研究学刊，第20期，2017年，页119-141
Journal of Malaysian Chinese Studies, Volume 20, 2017: 119-141

摘要

国共内战导致部分不认同中国共产党政权的文人与知识分子纷纷从中国大陆南渡香港落脚。当中一些文人又从香港再往同为英殖民地的新加坡与马来亚发展。1954年，拥有美援背景的香港友联机构在新加坡设立分部，一年后搬迁至吉隆坡。友联出版社在马来亚成立后，中国南来文人背景的友联同人先后抵马协助友联开拓出版业务，相继创办《学生周报》和《蕉风》杂志。本文将透过布赫迪厄（Pierre Bourdieu）的场域（field）、资本（capital）和惯习（habitus）这一组概念处理从中国大陆流落香港再南迁至马来亚的这些友联自由主义文人如何从香港迁移并落脚于亚洲大陆最南端的马来亚。在这过程中，友联同人如何利用其关系网络涉入政治场域以在文学领域取得方便，并进一步探讨友联出版社和美援文化之间的关系。

关键词：冷战、美援文化、友联出版社

Abstract

During the Chinese Civil War, some writers and intellectuals did not agree with the regime of Communist Party of China (CPC) had left the Mainland China to British Hong Kong. Some of them were then continued migrated to the British colonies of Singapore and Malaya. In 1954, the US-funded Hong Kong Union Press set up their branch in Singapore, and then moved to Kuala Lumpur a year later. After the establishment of Union Press in Malaya, a number of the writers turned up in Malaya to expand the publishing market. They then established the literary magazines, namely The Chinese Student Weekly and Chao Foon. By using Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of field, capital and habitus, this article tried to explain how the writers of liberal stance left the mainland to British Hong Kong, and finally remained in Malaya. How these Union colleagues make use of the publishing network in political arena and gain success in the field of literature, and further more to examine the relationship between Union Press and U.S. Aid Culture.

Keywords: Cold War, U.S. Aid Culture, Union Press

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