汉语口语易位句考察及对国际汉语教学的启示
A Study of Spoken Chinese Reversed Sentences and Suggestions in International Chinese Teaching

黄碧玉 HUYNH Bich Ngoc
越南同奈大学汉语讲师、中国中央民族大学国际教育学院国际汉语教学专业博士研究生
（Chinese Teacher, Dongnai University of Vietnam; Doctoral Student,
Major: International Chinese Language Education, College of International Education, Minzu University of China）。
E-mail: [email protected]

马来西亚华人研究学刊，第21期，2018年，页73-84
Journal of Malaysian Chinese Studies, Volume 21, 2018: 73-84

摘要

经考察6部电影、1部电视剧（39集）、20本小说，1台戏剧等其他口语语料，以口语会话句子为单位，统计出易位句总共384句。易位句可分为主谓易位、状中易位、述宾易位、连谓易位、兼语易位、补遗易位及关联词易位共七类，其中主谓易位句在语料中占比例最高，也是生活中最常出现的易位类型，依次是状中易位句和述宾易位。易位句的语义标记主要体现在语气词上，所统计的易位句中有58%的易位句出现语气词，而大部分语气词出现在前置部分上。口语是最活跃的一种交际形式，易位句的运用会受交际环境的影响，因此，有必要从语用平面来阐述易位句的生成动因、语用功能以及进行句类分析。汉语口语中级与高级阶段，可给学生介绍各种汉语易位句，让学生对汉语易位句有系统性的掌握，主要着眼于三种常见的易位句，即主谓易位句、状中易位句和述宾易位句。

关键词：汉语口语、易位句、国际汉语教学

Abstract

After investigating 6 films, 1 TV dramas (39 sets), 20 novels, 1 plays and other spoken language materials, a total of 384 sentences of the Chinese reversed sentences were counted. The reversed sentences can be divided into seven categories: subject - verb reverse, adverbial reverse, verb - object reverse, serial verb reverse, pivot structure reverse, complement reverse and related words reverse. The highest proportion of the subject - verb reverse is the most common type of reverse in life, in turn is a adverbial reverse and verb - object reverse. The semantic markers of the reversed sentences are mainly embodied in modal words. In the statistical reversed sentences, 58% of the reversed sentences appear in modal words, while most of the modal words appear in the preposition. Spoken language is one of the most active forms of communication. The use of reversed sentences will be influenced by the communicative environment. Therefore, it is necessary to explain the motivation of the formation, the pragmatic function and the analysis of the sentence type from the pragmatic plane. At the intermediate and advanced stage of spoken Chinese, students can be introduced a variety of Chinese reversed sentences, so that students can have a systematic grasp of the Chinese reversed sentences, mainly focusing on three common reversed sentences, namely the subject - verb reversed sentences, the adverbial reversed sentences and the verb - object sentences.

Keywords: Spoken Chinese, Reversed sentences, International Chinese teaching

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