1813-1820年马六甲私塾与伦敦布道会华文学堂——回应“十九世纪华教起源说”
Malacca Chinese and London Missionary Society in Establishment of Chinese Schools in Malacca (1813–1820)

黄欣怡 OOI Sing Ee
苏丹依德理斯教育大学中文学程博士班、玛拉工艺大学讲师。
E-mail: [email protected]

魏月萍 NGOI Guat Peng
苏丹依德理斯教育大学中文学程副教授。
E-mail: [email protected]

摘 要

本文以十九世纪初马六甲华人开办的私塾与伦敦布道会传教士设立的华文学堂为考察对象，旨在回应学界有关“十九世纪华教起源说”若干悬而未决的问题。论文利用华教研究者较少使用的伦敦会出版报章、季刊、回忆录及书信等中英文材料，梳理学术界“十九世纪初传教士抵达前，马六甲是否已有华文学堂”的长期争论。综合上述文献发现，至少在1813年传教士抵达前，已有当地华人开办的私塾。本文利用伦敦布道会档案补充中文文献不足，试图修正过去学者未经考证直接引述颜清湟“马六甲起源说”为华教起源依据的问题，同时呈现十九世纪初两大群体共同推动本土方言文化教育的历程。

关键词：华教起源、马六甲私塾、华文学堂、伦敦会、传教士

Abstract

This article examines the private schools (sishu) established by the Chinese community, as well as the Chinese school founded by London Missionary Society missionaries in early 19th-century Malacca, to address several unresolved issues surrounding the so-called “19th-century origin of Chinese education” thesis. Drawing on underutilized Chinese and English sources—including newspapers, periodicals, memoirs, and correspondence published by the LMS—the study revisits the long-standing scholarly debate over whether Chinese-language schools existed in Malacca prior to the arrival of missionaries in the early 19th century. The findings indicate that, at least by 1813, before the arrival of missionaries, locally established sishu were already in operation. By incorporating archival materials from the LMS, this article expands the limitations of existing Chinese-language sources and seeks to reassess the uncritical adoption of Yen Ching-hwang’s “Malacca origin thesis” as the basis for the origins of Chinese education. It also highlights the trajectory of two major groups jointly promoting vernacular education in early 19th-century.

Keywords: Origin of Chinese school, Malacca private schools (sishu), Chinese schools, London Missionary Society, Missionaries

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