从建/筑空间到文化身份：马来西亚巴生华裔穆斯林清真寺中的中华文化与马来-伊斯兰文化融合与共生
From Architectural Space to Cultural Identity: The Integration and Coexistence of Chinese and Malay-Islamic Cultural Traditions in Masjid Jamek Cina Muslim Klang, Malaysia

海诚 HAI Cheng
马来亚大学文学暨社会科学学院东南亚研究系。
E-mail: [email protected]

摘 要

目前，马来西亚共有六座具有中式建筑风格的清真寺，其中三座被正式命名为“华裔穆斯林清真寺”。位于雪兰莪州巴生市绿林镇的巴生华裔穆斯林清真寺（巴生华穆寺），是中式传统建筑美学与马来-伊斯兰文化融合的代表性案例。该清真寺在建筑形制上融合中国传统院落布局、园林空间与装饰元素，并结合马来西亚热带气候条件及本地伊斯兰教法规范进行在地化调整，形成兼具中华文化特色与伊斯兰宗教功能的宗教空间。本研究以巴生华裔穆斯林清真寺为研究对象，探讨其建筑空间形态、功能定位及社会意义。研究以“建筑-文化- 身份认同- 社会功能”为分析框架，着重分析其院落布局如何协调中式建筑传统与伊斯兰宗教空间，并探讨其在宗教实践、文化传播、社区互动与社会交流等方面所承担的多重角色。研究发现，巴生华裔穆斯林清真寺不仅是穆斯林群体进行礼拜与宗教学习的重要空间，同时也是华裔穆斯林群体表达文化身份、促进跨族群与跨文化交流的公共空间。清真寺通过中式建筑元素、多语文化表达及社区活动等方式，展现了中华文化与马来- 伊斯兰文化在宗教空间中的融合。这种建筑与空间实践体现了伊斯兰宗教的开放性、包容性与在地适应能力，也反映出“宗教身份”与“族群文化身份”之间能够实现平衡与共存。总体来看，巴生华裔穆斯林清真寺不仅丰富了马来西亚伊斯兰建筑的多元化表达，也为促进不同族群之间的文化理解、社会和谐与多元共生提供了新的实践路径与研究视角。

关键词：马来西亚、华裔穆斯林、清真寺、文化多元融合

Abstract

At present, there are six mosques in Malaysia that adopt Chinese architectural styles, three of which have been officially designated as “Chinese Muslim Mosques.” Masjid Jamek Cina Muslim Klang, located in Bandar Botanik, Klang, Selangor, represents a significant example of the integration between traditional Chinese architectural aesthetics and Malay-Islamic culture. Its architectural form incorporates traditional Chinese courtyard layouts, garden-style spatial arrangements, and decorative elements, while also adapting to Malaysia’s tropical climate and local Islamic regulations, thereby creating a religious space that combines Chinese cultural characteristics with Islamic religious functions. This study takes Masjid Jamek Cina Muslim Klang as a case study to examine its spatial configuration, functional orientation, and wider social significance. Employing the analytical framework of “Architecture-Culture-Identity-Social Function,” this study explores how the mosque’s courtyard layout negotiates and harmonises Chinese architectural traditions with Islamic spatial practices, as well as its multiple roles in religious practice, cultural transmission, community activities, and social interaction. The findings show that the mosque functions not only as an important space for Muslim worship and religious learning, but also as an important public space through which Chinese Muslims express cultural identity and promote inter-ethnic and cross-cultural interaction. Through Chinese architectural elements, multilingual cultural expressions, and community activities, the mosque demonstrates how Chinese and Malay-Islamic cultural traditions are integrated and manifested within a religious architectural space. This architectural and spatial practice reflects the openness, inclusiveness, and local adaptability of Islam, while also illustrating how “religious identity” and “ethnic cultural identity” can coexist in balance. Overall, Masjid Jamek Cina Muslim Klang not only enriches the diversity of Islamic architectural expression in Malaysia, but also highlights the role of Chinese Muslim mosques as platforms of cross-cultural exchange, promoting inter-ethnic understanding, social harmony, and multicultural integration within Malaysian society.

Keywords: Malaysia, Chinese Muslims, Mosque, Cultural integration

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