槟城侨生华人家族与近代中国之联系——以辜洪德集团跨区域势力网络为例
The Connection of Penang Local Bom Chinese Families with Modern China: A Case Study on the Cross-Regional Power Network of Kaw Hong Take and His Group

朱俊凯 CHOO Juhn Khai Klan
厦门大学马来西亚分校东南亚华人文献研究中心。
E-mail: [email protected]

摘要

辜洪德与槟城华人绅商在1880年代对福州西禅寺捐献楹联的行动反映该群体在中国势力之拓展。以辜洪德为代表的槟城侨生华人家族，凭借在东南亚与中国地区形成的跨区域社会关系网络，成功扩张乾元保安公司业务至中国各港口城市，并以香港为发展重心，两度主导与垄断当地鸦片响码权。槟城侨生群体作为英籍民，但却认同于中国人的文化与身份，使之依据双重国籍的优势，以原乡宗族结构的发展模式建构家族在侨居地与原乡之间的势力网络连接。进入20世纪，槟城侨生华人因殖民地社会的局势变迁，迫使其在中国的跨区域社会网络走向衰退。本文对19世纪槟城华人在中国形成的关系网络展开探究，除了为了解当时海外侨生华人群体与祖国的联系情况以外，亦希望从“东南亚—中国”的跨区域视角丰富学界对中国近代史发展的研究视野。

关键词：辜洪德、侨生华人、跨区域网络、近代中国

Abstract

The actions of Kaw Hong Take and the Penang Chinese merchants to donate couplets to the Fuzhou Xichan Temple in the 1880s reflected the expansion of the group's influence in China. With the cross-regional social relationship network formed in Southeast Asia and China, the Penang local-born Chinese families represented by Kaw Hong Take have successfully expanded their business of Khean Guan Insurance Company to various port cities in China, and focused their main development in Hong Kong, with twice dominating and monopolizing the local opium revenue farms. As Penang local-born Chinese are British subjects, but they identify with Chinese culture and identity, the advantages of dual nationality helped them to build up a family network between their motherland with current residence place based on the development model of the family clan structure originated from China. In the 20th century, the changes in the colonial society were forcing the cross-regional social network of Penang local-born Chinese in China to decline. This paper explores the relationship network formed by Penang Chinese in China in the 19th century. In addition to investigating the relationship between the overseas Chinese community and the motherland at that time, it also hopes to enrich the academia to understand the development of Chinese modern history from the cross-regional perspective of "Southeast Asia-China".

Keywords: Kaw Hong Take, Local Born Chinese, Trans-Regional Network, Modern China

 

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